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Extending the Analysis of Risk-Based Planning

In the next level, we have broken down each of the applications under risk-based-planning into several applications. For risk mapping and assessment, we use the governing equation to define the applications at the next level. The risk equation basically states that risk equals hazard probability times vulnerability of assets times the value of assets exposed to the hazard, which translates into three applications that provide the information required for the use of this equation.

For risk reduction, the sub-devision is based on the fact that we have often little means to impact the hazard probability and can reduce risk through reduction of vulnerability and exposure. Land use planning is key for reducing exposure to hazards, while building codes are key for a reduction of vulnerability. Insurance strategies can provide an incentive to reduce risk, and protection against hazards (e.g., through dikes and levees in the case of floods, storm surges and tsunamis) can also be used to reduce the exposure to hazards.

For disaster reduction, timely development of preparedness and planning is important. In many cases, early warning can help reduce the exposure to hazards dramatically (e.g., through evacuations), and it also supports emergency response planning and immediate initiation of response actions. Finally, in the recovery phase, the long-term impacts of disasters can be reduced significantly and by learning from the disaster, the risk of future disasters can also be reduced.

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